THE USE OF ENGLISH MOVIE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT THE FIRST
YEAR STUDENTS OF MTS AL-INTISHOR TANJUNG KARANG
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
of the Study
Communication is a social
event that can occur anywhere without knowing the place and time (Darwanto,
2007:1). Language as the tool of communication has an important role to reveal
an intention of someone else. people will be
able to express their thought and feeling through communication. English
is an important means of communication, which used by many countries in this
world. It plays an important role as an international language. This why the
indonesian government chooses English as the first foreign language to be
taught in schools (Ramelan, 1992:3).
Jumariati (2010) said that vocabulary learning is the
important aspect in learning a foreign language. Students will improve much if they learn more words
and expressions. According
to Richard (1997) it's vital to know a lot of words if you want to make
progress in a foreign language. Even if your grammar is excellent, you just
won't be able to communicate your meaning without a wide vocabulary.
Since English is not our national language, it is not easy to learn it. Many
student or learners find problem in mastering it. One of the basic problems is
lack of vocabularies. Vocabulary is really important element of the language to
be concerned with in order to master the four language skills.
In teaching a language, English
particularly is very complicated. In the classroom, we will face dozens of
technique applied to the students’ under the expectation that they are able to or easy to understand the lesson. As a teacher, it is necessary to find new teaching media
to overcome the problems and not to forget to motivate the students. Some
teachers have used games, pictures, songs, real object, cartoon and movie as
their teaching media to grow the student creativity in learning process.
There are many media can be used to
improve students’ vocabulary
like audio aid, audio-visual aid and etc. Example for audio aid is radio, music, and so on while
example of audio-visual aid is
video,
film/movie, and television, etc.
In this study,
movie is chosen as a media for teaching vocabulary. Movie
is one of the audio-visual aid. Film, also
called a movie, is a series of still or moving images.
It is produced by recording
photographic images with cameras,
or by creating images using animation
techniques or visual effects.
The process of filmmaking
has developed into an art
form and industry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film).
Using English movie can be very pleasing and interesting for the students.
Movie can be an excellent media to use because from the writer view that there
are many students interested in movies because they watch movies as an
entertainment. They can learn about language style, culture, and also the
native speaker’s expression. So they can improve their English vocabulary more easily.
Media such as a movie has a very
significant roles to motivate the student to learn vocabulary and to make the
atmosphere of teaching and learning more interesting. They will feel something
new and different from what they usually get in their class. The writer hopes
that with the use of English movie they will become more active as participant
and more confident in express their feeling.
B.
Statement
of the Problem
This study is to answer the question: is the use of
English movie can improve students’ vocabulary mastery?
C.
Purpose
of Study
The purpose of the study is to find out
the effectiveness of using English movie in improving students’ vocabulary
mastery.
D.
Scope
and Limitation of
the Study
The writer limits this study by the
following limitation:
1. The subject of researcher in this research is the
first year student of SMK ABHARIYAH in academic year 2011/2012.
2. The implementation of english movie technique to
improve the student’s vocabulary mastery.
E.
Significance
of Study
The result of this study can be
contribute some benefits to students and teachers. Here are the benefits:
1. Students
It
may motivate students to improve their interest in learning English since they
will find out that learning English is not always difficult to learn. Their
improvement of interest in learning English will help them master English well.
2. Teachers
It would give them a description about how to teach
and to motivate the students to learn about English especially in vocabulary
learning, they would not be stuck only in some particular teaching strategies.
The use of media, in this context “Movie” could be a good alternative or
variation in teaching vocabulary, where it would make the students enjoyed
following the lesson.
F.
Assumption
of the Study
The basic assumption of
this study are stated below:
1. English
movie can be used to stimulate the student to increase vocabulary
2. This
simple technique is applicable for teaching at the Senior High School.
G.
The
Definition of Key Term
In order to clarify what variables are
involves in the study some definition are put forwards:
1. Movie
A series
of
moving
pictures
with
sound
that
you
can
watch
at
the
cinema
or at
home (MacMillan Dictionary)
2. Vocabulary
Vocabulary
in Cambridge dictionary is all the words known and used by a particular person
and all the words which exist in a particular language or subject.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
One
of the most important things to help learners to communicate successfully is
knowledge of vocabulary. The richer vocabulary we have, the
better we can communicate. Hence, in order not to fail on the way
of teaching and learning vocabulary, teachers and students must try their
best to find out an appropriate method for themselves. Using visual aids,
especially movies or film, is a good way to teach vocabulary and really
important, necessary for the new method of teaching and learning. This chapter
aims at providing some theoretical background of the study.
A.
Vocabulary
1.
Definition of Vocabulary
Learning
language cannot be separated from learning vocabulary. Vocabulary supports the
speaker to express their opinions, ideas, and feelings in communication.
To
know what vocabulary is, the following are definitions about vocabulary:
Oxford
Advanced Learner‟s
Dictionary Online has applied a meaning of vocabulary as follow:
1. all
the words that a person knows or uses.
2. all
the words in a particular language.
3. the
words that people use when they are talking about a particular subject.
4.
a list of words with
their meanings, especially in a book for learning a foreign language.
According
to Kamil & Hiebert (2007) in their article accessed from internet, they
broadly define; vocabulary is knowledge of words and word meanings. Richards
(2001:4) says that vocabulary is one of the components of language and one of
the first things applied linguists turned their attention to. Meanwhile, Hornby
(1974:959) defines vocabulary is a total number of words which make up a
language with definition or translations.
According
to the definitions above I concluded that vocabulary is a
word that a person know in a particular language and one of componets of
language that has a meaning and definition.
2.
Why Study Vocabulary
It
is undeniable that vocabulary, like grammar and phonetics, plays an important
role in mastering a foreign language. Teaching vocabulary plays important role
in language acquisition because the mastery of vocabulary will help students in
mastery all the language skills; listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Vocabulary will make the students practice the structure more easily; it is
useful for the students in order to communicate in daily life and will
strengthen belief that English can be used to express some ideas or feeling
they express in their native language (Finocchiaro, 1974: 38)
The
other reason is that a large vocabulary helps the English learners in studying
other English subjects such as Sociolinguistics, Psycholinguistics, Business
Correspondence, etc. It will help them to understand and define many concepts,
ideas, expressions that they get in such subjects. It is stated by Bella Fiore
(1968: 1) “The larger the vocabulary you build up, the better able you are to
define and refine the expression of the images and ideas”. Moreover, she said “The
more words you master richer become you thought process and the better you
distinguish between shades of word meanings, the subtler grows your expression
of ideas”. In conclusion, vocabulary learning is an unseparate thing from
language learning because whenever people think of it, they usually think of
vocabulary learning and vocabulary mastery. It is a key for the English
learners to get a success in their learning process.
3.
Kinds of Vocabulary
Teaching
vocabulary is important in language acquisition. Vocabulary is one element that
links the four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing all
together. One of the requirements to communicate well in a foreign language,
students should have an adequate number of words. According Celca-Murcia (2000:76)
there are two kinds of vocabulary, as follows:
a. Productive
versus Receptive Vocabulary
Productive
vocabulary is the lexical terms which the students can remember and use
appropriately in speaking and writing. Receptive vocabulary in the lexical
items which the students familiar and understand when they meet them in the
context of reading and listening materials.
Productive
vocabulary is used to speaking and writing, the stage of teaching and learning
must end with vocabulary practice, where the students get an opportunity to try
to use the vocabulary in context. Different from productive vocabulary,
receptive vocabulary is only presented until the students’ know the meaning to
understand the context of reading or listening.
b. Content
Words versus Function Words
Content
words and function words are a useful one in analyzing vocabulary. Content
words are those vocabulary items that must to the large and open words classes.
Content words that are the words that are easy accept new words and not use old
ones but are not longer useful. For example: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and some
adverbs.
Function
words are those vocabulary items that must to closed words classes. Function
words that are the words do not easy new items or lose old ones. For example:
pronouns, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, determiners, and many adverbs.
Function words should be taught as part of grammar and content words as part of
vocabulary
B.
General Concepts of Media
Media in a process of teaching is not a
new thing for the teacher. Most of the teachers use media to help them giving
particular information to the students. Media itself according to Azhar
(2011:4) is a tool that to convey or deliver the message of learning. He also
said that media is a component of learning resource or physical vehicle that
contain instructional material on students’ environment that can stimulate
student to learn.
There are a lot of media in teaching and
learning processes. Nasution (2005:102) classify media into 5 type:
1. Blackboard
This
teaching tool is very populer, used by traditional or modern school and can be
combined with other teaching tools such as radio, TV. Tool is used in every
method of teaching. Blackboard can be used for writing that makes pictures,
graphs, diagrams, maps and so on with white or colored chalk.
2. Picture
Picture
can be collected from various sources such as calendars, magazines, newspapers,
pamphlets from travel agents, and etc.
3. Model
Models
can be an imitation of real objects such as model cars, trains, houses,
animals, etc.
4. Collection
Various
collections can be organized as a variety of textiles, stones, dry leaves,
currency, stamps, etc.
5. Map
and Globe
Geography
and history lessons will be crippled without a map. kinds of maps shall be
provided on each part of the world, also our economy, population, and so forth.
While
Azhar (2011:33) divide a media into two categori:
1. Traditional
media
a. A
visual silence that projected.
-
Opaque projection
(invisibility)
-
Overhead projection
-
Slides
-
Filmstrips
b. A
visual that not projected
-
Picture, poster
-
Photo
-
Charts, graphs,
diagrams
-
Exhibition, information
boards
c. Audio
-
Recording disc
-
Cassette tape, reel,
cartridge
d. Multimedia
presentation
-
Slide plus noise (tape)
-
Multi-image
e. A
dynamic visual which is projected
-
Film
-
Television
-
Video
f. Print
-
Textbooks
-
Module, Programmed
texts
-
Scientific magazines,
period
-
Loose-leaf
g. Game
-
Puzzle
-
Simulation
-
Board game
h. Realia
-
Model
-
Specimen (sample)
-
Manipulative (maps,
dolls)
2. The
latest media technology
a. Media
based on technology
-
Tekeconference
-
Distance schools
b. Media
based on microprocessor
-
Computer-assisted
instruction
-
Computer game
-
Intelligence tutor
system
-
Interactive
-
Hypermedia
-
Compact (video) disc
C.
General Concept of Movie
1.
Definition of Movie
In
this study, I use movie as media of teaching Englsh vocabulary. A
movie is one of the visual aids that can be used in a class, it makes lessons
more fun.
But
movies or film can also teach people about history, science, human behavior and
any other subjects. Some films combine entertainment with instruction, makes
the learning process more enjoyable. In all its forms, cinema is an art as well
as a business, and those who make motion pictures take great pride in their
creation ( Mery:2011).
An
opinion movie given by Summer (1992: 476), film is:
a. A
roll of material which is sensitive to light and which is used in camera for
taking photographs or moving pictures for the cinema,
b. A
story, play, etc. recorded on film to be shown in the cinema, on television,
etc.
Meanwhile,
Azhar (2011:49) define movie as picture in a frame where frame by frame is
projected through the projector lens mechanically so that the pictures in the
screen looks alive. Jesse (2007) states that movie is a photographic record of
an artistic performance, but not an artform in it’s own right.
Based
on the definition of movie I can conclude that movie is a photographic record
of history, science, and human behaviour
that projected through the projecter lens and shown in the cinema or
television.
2.
Advantages
and Disadvantages Using English Movie
a. Advantages
using English movie
Nasution
(2005:104) states that the advantages of using movie in teaching and learning
process are:
1)
Movie
is very good in describing a process, if necessary by using a “slow motion”.
2) Each
student can learn something from the movie, from the clever one or less intelligent.
3) Movies
can take a child from one country to another country and from one period to
another period.
4) Movie
can be repeated if necessary to add clarity.
b. Disadvantages
using English movie
According
to Azhar (2011:50), he states that the disadvantages of using movie in teaching
and learning process are:
1) Procument
of English movie generally is expensive and cost a lot of time.
2) When
the movie showed, the pictures will keep changing making all students are not
able follow the information given through the movie.
3) Movies
not always approriate with the needs and desired learning objective.
This
is the reason why the writer is
interested in taking up the title of the research,
because movie gives a new enjoyable atmosphere when they are learning in class.
Altough this procument movie has disadvantages, the writer has some planning to
overcome the problem by doing strategic stopping and rewind giving student a
chance to receive the information given from the movie and remove some approriate
scene shown in the movie so the students’ concetration will not wane if they
watch for too long.
3.
Learning
Through Movie
classrooms
that use movie as a medium of education, usually hold a number of 40-50
students. With that number of students, it is still possible to observe the
movie properly. This means it will not disturb the learning process. To help
students study through English movie, message content, format, and technical
presentation, in planning an educational program, seriously considered. in
addition, the teacher factor in the media also plays a very important role,
because it is very influential in communicating with children and success or
failure of the program depends entirely on the person who brought the show
(darwanto 2007:135-136).
D.
Summary
This chapter has dealt with the
theoretical background of the study with the basic but necessary knowledge of
English vocabulary and using movies for teaching vocabulary. In order to find
out the current situation of teaching vocabulary as well as the application of
movies for teaching vocabulary at high schools in Abhariyah, which would be
reported in the chapter 3.
CHAPTER
III
RESEARCH
METHODS
The methodology
of the research is very important in every research as a guideline to attain
the objective of the study. Chapter three provides information about
methodology of the research that the writer applies in this study. They are method of research, population and sample, instrument of the
research, method of data collection and data analysis.
- Method of Research
Research design in this study is to seek
and to answer the question of the
study
“is the use of English movie can improve students’ vocabulary mastery?”
In doing so, I intend to use quantitative research to complete this study.
Wikipedia (2012) in its article said that Quantitative methods were research
methods dealing with numbers and anything that was measurable.
Wikipedia (2012) in its
article also said, the objective of quantitative research was to develop and
employ mathematical models, theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural
phenomena. The process of measurement was central to quantitative research
because it provided the fundamental connection between empirical observation
and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.
- Population and
Sample
1.
Population
Population is total member of research subject.” (Arikunto, 2010:173). In addition,
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/population mention that population is the
entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn; "it is an
estimate of the mean of the population.
In this case, the population
is the entire of the first grade students of SMK Abhariyah in the academic year
2011/2012. The number of population is 39 students.
2.
Sample
After determining the
population, I obtain a sample, which is obviously important step in conducting
a research. Arikunto (2010:174) says that a sample is a part of population,
which is investigated. The number of population that is used in this study is 39 students. Because of the limitation number of
population which is only 39 students, I use population
research and take the whole population as
the sample of the research. Arikunto (2010:174)
said that population research only done for a limited population and the
subject are not many.
- Instrument of Research
According to Arikunto (2010:192), research instrument
is a device used by the research while collecting the data to make his work
become easier and to get better result, complete and systematic in order to
make the data easy to process.
I use two kinds of
instruments in doing it, they are test, and questionnaire in order to identify whether
or not it is
an effective way to teach vocabulary to students.
1.
Test
Referring to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_(student_assessment) (2007) in its article it said
that In education, certification, counseling, and many other fields, a test or
exam (short for examination) was a tool or technique intended to measure
students' expression of knowledge, skills and/or abilities. A test had more
questions of greater difficulty and requires more time for completion than a
quiz. It was usually divided into two or more sections, each covering a
different area of the domain or taking a different approach to assessing the
same aspects.
In completing this study the test should be based on an achievement test which is the result later use as data. In order to get an
enough data I divide the test into two: they are pre test and post-test. The purpose of giving the
classroom tests is
to measuring the skills, knowledge of intelligence,
ability or talent possessed by individuals or groups (Arikunto 2010:193). This is the reason why the role of pre and post-test are important toward this study which it would determine
whether the use of movie is effective or not to apply to students.
2.
Questionnaire
Oxford university press (2007) in its article said
that a questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other
prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Although
they are often designe
for statistical analysis of the responses, this not always the case.
Arikunto (2010:195 ), questionnaire could be in the
form of multiple choice, essay, check-list and rating-scale so respondents
would only select one of the provided answers in it. In conducting this study,
I use a multiple-choice questionnaire, in which, the respondents only select
one of the provided answers (by crossing (A, B, C or D) in each question).
- Method of data
collection
The technique use in
this research is questionnaire and tests. The
aim of using questionnaire in this
research is to know how the students’ respond about the teaching strategy applied and the tests method is use to know whether students are successful
or not in teaching vocabulary using movie.
This study is undertaken through three activities. At first is a pre-test, second is the post-test which to measure students’ achievement, and third applying the questionnaire to know students’ respond on
strategy use by researcher.
To give a clear understanding, the three steps of the activities will be explain as follows:
1. Pre-test
Pre-test consists of 10 items in the form of
multiple choices. In pre test
researcher take the question from
a narrative story of mr.bean.
2. Post-test
Post-Test is done after pre-test are conducted. The aim is to measure the students’ achievement and to compare
the result between pre and post-test that would be processed into data. The
test consist of 10 items same with pre test but the question take from movie of mr.bean.
3. Questionaire
The questionaire will be conducted after the two activities above are completely done. The purpose only to gain
data from the students’ response about the teaching strategy applied. The
questionnaire consist of five questions and it is in the form of multiple choices.
The students’ success and failure in
doing the activities plan above will be assessed by referring to the criterion
issued by department of education and culture. The criterion said that a
student could be said to pass the test if he/she could solve 65% of the whole
problems.
- Data analysis
The data analysis is use to draw the
conclusion of the research data. This
study consists of three activities in which it use a method of quantitative to
process the data. Then I would compare them, in order to know the result of
this study, whether or not, the increase in the students’ results happen in
this study. Below is the formula to get valid result, I use to process the data gained:
P = R X 100 %
N
Notes
P = Percentage
R = Score Achieved
N = Number
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Apriani. Mery.
(2011). Developing Students Writing Skill by Movies. Bogor: Universitas Ibn Kholdun.
Arsyad,
Azhar. (2011). Media Pembelajaran.
Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Ashley, Minor,
Rosalind. (1970). Successful techniques
for teaching elementary language arts. Michigan: Parker Pub. Co.
Bellafiore,
joseph. (1968). Words At Work. Amsco
School Pubns Inc.
Darwanto.
(2007). Teevisi Sebagai Media Pendidikan.
Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_(student_assessment). (2007). Search:
Definition of Tests. www.google.co.id/url, accessed in april 27, 2012
Finocchiaro, Bonomo, Mary. (1974). English as A Second Language: From
Theory to Practice. New York: Regent Publishing Company.
Harmer, Jeremy. 1998. The Practice
of Language Teaching. Cambridge:
Longman.
Hornby, A.S.
1974. Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary. Oxford: University Press.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film. (2012). search: what is movie.
www.google.co.id. accessed in
April 22, 2012
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/vocabulary
accessed in april 22, 2012
http://wikipedia.org/wiki/quantitative_method (Wikipedia) (2007).
Quantitative research. www.google.co.id/url, accessed in April 27, 2012
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/film
accessed in april 24 2012.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/population
accessed
in april, 2012
J.Prinz. Jesse. (2007). When Film
Is Art. Search: what is film. www,google.co.id. accessed in april 24, 2012
Jumariati
(2010), Improving the Vocabulary Mastery of EFL Students
Kamil
& Hiebert. (2007). A Focus on Vocabulary.
http:/www.prel.org/products/re_/ES0419.htm
accessed in April 22, 2012
Murcia Elite
Olstain – Marianne Celce. 2000. Discourse
and Context in Language Teching. Cambridge: University Press.
Nasution.
(2005). Teknologi Pendidikan. Jakarta:
Bumi Aksara.
Pemberton. Richard. (1997). Learning vocabualary.
httplc.ust.hk~sacadviceenglishvocabularyV1.html accessed in April 21, 2012
Richard, Jack C. (2001). Curriculum
Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge: University Press.
Summers, Della. (2005). Dictionary of English Language and Culture.
Harlow; Longman Group U.K. Limited.
THE USE OF ENGLISH MOVIE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT THE FIRST
YEAR STUDENTS OF MTS AL-INTISHOR TANJUNG KARANG
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
of the Study
Communication is a social
event that can occur anywhere without knowing the place and time (Darwanto,
2007:1). Language as the tool of communication has an important role to reveal
an intention of someone else. people will be
able to express their thought and feeling through communication. English
is an important means of communication, which used by many countries in this
world. It plays an important role as an international language. This why the
indonesian government chooses English as the first foreign language to be
taught in schools (Ramelan, 1992:3).
Jumariati (2010) said that vocabulary learning is the
important aspect in learning a foreign language. Students will improve much if they learn more words
and expressions. According
to Richard (1997) it's vital to know a lot of words if you want to make
progress in a foreign language. Even if your grammar is excellent, you just
won't be able to communicate your meaning without a wide vocabulary.
Since English is not our national language, it is not easy to learn it. Many
student or learners find problem in mastering it. One of the basic problems is
lack of vocabularies. Vocabulary is really important element of the language to
be concerned with in order to master the four language skills.
In teaching a language, English
particularly is very complicated. In the classroom, we will face dozens of
technique applied to the students’ under the expectation that they are able to or easy to understand the lesson. As a teacher, it is necessary to find new teaching media
to overcome the problems and not to forget to motivate the students. Some
teachers have used games, pictures, songs, real object, cartoon and movie as
their teaching media to grow the student creativity in learning process.
There are many media can be used to
improve students’ vocabulary
like audio aid, audio-visual aid and etc. Example for audio aid is radio, music, and so on while
example of audio-visual aid is
video,
film/movie, and television, etc.
In this study,
movie is chosen as a media for teaching vocabulary. Movie
is one of the audio-visual aid. Film, also
called a movie, is a series of still or moving images.
It is produced by recording
photographic images with cameras,
or by creating images using animation
techniques or visual effects.
The process of filmmaking
has developed into an art
form and industry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film).
Using English movie can be very pleasing and interesting for the students.
Movie can be an excellent media to use because from the writer view that there
are many students interested in movies because they watch movies as an
entertainment. They can learn about language style, culture, and also the
native speaker’s expression. So they can improve their English vocabulary more easily.
Media such as a movie has a very
significant roles to motivate the student to learn vocabulary and to make the
atmosphere of teaching and learning more interesting. They will feel something
new and different from what they usually get in their class. The writer hopes
that with the use of English movie they will become more active as participant
and more confident in express their feeling.
B.
Statement
of the Problem
This study is to answer the question: is the use of
English movie can improve students’ vocabulary mastery?
C.
Purpose
of Study
The purpose of the study is to find out
the effectiveness of using English movie in improving students’ vocabulary
mastery.
D.
Scope
and Limitation of
the Study
The writer limits this study by the
following limitation:
1. The subject of researcher in this research is the
first year student of SMK ABHARIYAH in academic year 2011/2012.
2. The implementation of english movie technique to
improve the student’s vocabulary mastery.
E.
Significance
of Study
The result of this study can be
contribute some benefits to students and teachers. Here are the benefits:
1. Students
It
may motivate students to improve their interest in learning English since they
will find out that learning English is not always difficult to learn. Their
improvement of interest in learning English will help them master English well.
2. Teachers
It would give them a description about how to teach
and to motivate the students to learn about English especially in vocabulary
learning, they would not be stuck only in some particular teaching strategies.
The use of media, in this context “Movie” could be a good alternative or
variation in teaching vocabulary, where it would make the students enjoyed
following the lesson.
F.
Assumption
of the Study
The basic assumption of
this study are stated below:
1. English
movie can be used to stimulate the student to increase vocabulary
2. This
simple technique is applicable for teaching at the Senior High School.
G.
The
Definition of Key Term
In order to clarify what variables are
involves in the study some definition are put forwards:
1. Movie
A series
of
moving
pictures
with
sound
that
you
can
watch
at
the
cinema
or at
home (MacMillan Dictionary)
2. Vocabulary
Vocabulary
in Cambridge dictionary is all the words known and used by a particular person
and all the words which exist in a particular language or subject.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
One
of the most important things to help learners to communicate successfully is
knowledge of vocabulary. The richer vocabulary we have, the
better we can communicate. Hence, in order not to fail on the way
of teaching and learning vocabulary, teachers and students must try their
best to find out an appropriate method for themselves. Using visual aids,
especially movies or film, is a good way to teach vocabulary and really
important, necessary for the new method of teaching and learning. This chapter
aims at providing some theoretical background of the study.
A.
Vocabulary
1.
Definition of Vocabulary
Learning
language cannot be separated from learning vocabulary. Vocabulary supports the
speaker to express their opinions, ideas, and feelings in communication.
To
know what vocabulary is, the following are definitions about vocabulary:
Oxford
Advanced Learner‟s
Dictionary Online has applied a meaning of vocabulary as follow:
1. all
the words that a person knows or uses.
2. all
the words in a particular language.
3. the
words that people use when they are talking about a particular subject.
4.
a list of words with
their meanings, especially in a book for learning a foreign language.
According
to Kamil & Hiebert (2007) in their article accessed from internet, they
broadly define; vocabulary is knowledge of words and word meanings. Richards
(2001:4) says that vocabulary is one of the components of language and one of
the first things applied linguists turned their attention to. Meanwhile, Hornby
(1974:959) defines vocabulary is a total number of words which make up a
language with definition or translations.
According
to the definitions above I concluded that vocabulary is a
word that a person know in a particular language and one of componets of
language that has a meaning and definition.
2.
Why Study Vocabulary
It
is undeniable that vocabulary, like grammar and phonetics, plays an important
role in mastering a foreign language. Teaching vocabulary plays important role
in language acquisition because the mastery of vocabulary will help students in
mastery all the language skills; listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Vocabulary will make the students practice the structure more easily; it is
useful for the students in order to communicate in daily life and will
strengthen belief that English can be used to express some ideas or feeling
they express in their native language (Finocchiaro, 1974: 38)
The
other reason is that a large vocabulary helps the English learners in studying
other English subjects such as Sociolinguistics, Psycholinguistics, Business
Correspondence, etc. It will help them to understand and define many concepts,
ideas, expressions that they get in such subjects. It is stated by Bella Fiore
(1968: 1) “The larger the vocabulary you build up, the better able you are to
define and refine the expression of the images and ideas”. Moreover, she said “The
more words you master richer become you thought process and the better you
distinguish between shades of word meanings, the subtler grows your expression
of ideas”. In conclusion, vocabulary learning is an unseparate thing from
language learning because whenever people think of it, they usually think of
vocabulary learning and vocabulary mastery. It is a key for the English
learners to get a success in their learning process.
3.
Kinds of Vocabulary
Teaching
vocabulary is important in language acquisition. Vocabulary is one element that
links the four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing all
together. One of the requirements to communicate well in a foreign language,
students should have an adequate number of words. According Celca-Murcia (2000:76)
there are two kinds of vocabulary, as follows:
a. Productive
versus Receptive Vocabulary
Productive
vocabulary is the lexical terms which the students can remember and use
appropriately in speaking and writing. Receptive vocabulary in the lexical
items which the students familiar and understand when they meet them in the
context of reading and listening materials.
Productive
vocabulary is used to speaking and writing, the stage of teaching and learning
must end with vocabulary practice, where the students get an opportunity to try
to use the vocabulary in context. Different from productive vocabulary,
receptive vocabulary is only presented until the students’ know the meaning to
understand the context of reading or listening.
b. Content
Words versus Function Words
Content
words and function words are a useful one in analyzing vocabulary. Content
words are those vocabulary items that must to the large and open words classes.
Content words that are the words that are easy accept new words and not use old
ones but are not longer useful. For example: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and some
adverbs.
Function
words are those vocabulary items that must to closed words classes. Function
words that are the words do not easy new items or lose old ones. For example:
pronouns, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, determiners, and many adverbs.
Function words should be taught as part of grammar and content words as part of
vocabulary
B.
General Concepts of Media
Media in a process of teaching is not a
new thing for the teacher. Most of the teachers use media to help them giving
particular information to the students. Media itself according to Azhar
(2011:4) is a tool that to convey or deliver the message of learning. He also
said that media is a component of learning resource or physical vehicle that
contain instructional material on students’ environment that can stimulate
student to learn.
There are a lot of media in teaching and
learning processes. Nasution (2005:102) classify media into 5 type:
1. Blackboard
This
teaching tool is very populer, used by traditional or modern school and can be
combined with other teaching tools such as radio, TV. Tool is used in every
method of teaching. Blackboard can be used for writing that makes pictures,
graphs, diagrams, maps and so on with white or colored chalk.
2. Picture
Picture
can be collected from various sources such as calendars, magazines, newspapers,
pamphlets from travel agents, and etc.
3. Model
Models
can be an imitation of real objects such as model cars, trains, houses,
animals, etc.
4. Collection
Various
collections can be organized as a variety of textiles, stones, dry leaves,
currency, stamps, etc.
5. Map
and Globe
Geography
and history lessons will be crippled without a map. kinds of maps shall be
provided on each part of the world, also our economy, population, and so forth.
While
Azhar (2011:33) divide a media into two categori:
1. Traditional
media
a. A
visual silence that projected.
-
Opaque projection
(invisibility)
-
Overhead projection
-
Slides
-
Filmstrips
b. A
visual that not projected
-
Picture, poster
-
Photo
-
Charts, graphs,
diagrams
-
Exhibition, information
boards
c. Audio
-
Recording disc
-
Cassette tape, reel,
cartridge
d. Multimedia
presentation
-
Slide plus noise (tape)
-
Multi-image
e. A
dynamic visual which is projected
-
Film
-
Television
-
Video
f. Print
-
Textbooks
-
Module, Programmed
texts
-
Scientific magazines,
period
-
Loose-leaf
g. Game
-
Puzzle
-
Simulation
-
Board game
h. Realia
-
Model
-
Specimen (sample)
-
Manipulative (maps,
dolls)
2. The
latest media technology
a. Media
based on technology
-
Tekeconference
-
Distance schools
b. Media
based on microprocessor
-
Computer-assisted
instruction
-
Computer game
-
Intelligence tutor
system
-
Interactive
-
Hypermedia
-
Compact (video) disc
C.
General Concept of Movie
1.
Definition of Movie
In
this study, I use movie as media of teaching Englsh vocabulary. A
movie is one of the visual aids that can be used in a class, it makes lessons
more fun.
But
movies or film can also teach people about history, science, human behavior and
any other subjects. Some films combine entertainment with instruction, makes
the learning process more enjoyable. In all its forms, cinema is an art as well
as a business, and those who make motion pictures take great pride in their
creation ( Mery:2011).
An
opinion movie given by Summer (1992: 476), film is:
a. A
roll of material which is sensitive to light and which is used in camera for
taking photographs or moving pictures for the cinema,
b. A
story, play, etc. recorded on film to be shown in the cinema, on television,
etc.
Meanwhile,
Azhar (2011:49) define movie as picture in a frame where frame by frame is
projected through the projector lens mechanically so that the pictures in the
screen looks alive. Jesse (2007) states that movie is a photographic record of
an artistic performance, but not an artform in it’s own right.
Based
on the definition of movie I can conclude that movie is a photographic record
of history, science, and human behaviour
that projected through the projecter lens and shown in the cinema or
television.
2.
Advantages
and Disadvantages Using English Movie
a. Advantages
using English movie
Nasution
(2005:104) states that the advantages of using movie in teaching and learning
process are:
1)
Movie
is very good in describing a process, if necessary by using a “slow motion”.
2) Each
student can learn something from the movie, from the clever one or less intelligent.
3) Movies
can take a child from one country to another country and from one period to
another period.
4) Movie
can be repeated if necessary to add clarity.
b. Disadvantages
using English movie
According
to Azhar (2011:50), he states that the disadvantages of using movie in teaching
and learning process are:
1) Procument
of English movie generally is expensive and cost a lot of time.
2) When
the movie showed, the pictures will keep changing making all students are not
able follow the information given through the movie.
3) Movies
not always approriate with the needs and desired learning objective.
This
is the reason why the writer is
interested in taking up the title of the research,
because movie gives a new enjoyable atmosphere when they are learning in class.
Altough this procument movie has disadvantages, the writer has some planning to
overcome the problem by doing strategic stopping and rewind giving student a
chance to receive the information given from the movie and remove some approriate
scene shown in the movie so the students’ concetration will not wane if they
watch for too long.
3.
Learning
Through Movie
classrooms
that use movie as a medium of education, usually hold a number of 40-50
students. With that number of students, it is still possible to observe the
movie properly. This means it will not disturb the learning process. To help
students study through English movie, message content, format, and technical
presentation, in planning an educational program, seriously considered. in
addition, the teacher factor in the media also plays a very important role,
because it is very influential in communicating with children and success or
failure of the program depends entirely on the person who brought the show
(darwanto 2007:135-136).
D.
Summary
This chapter has dealt with the
theoretical background of the study with the basic but necessary knowledge of
English vocabulary and using movies for teaching vocabulary. In order to find
out the current situation of teaching vocabulary as well as the application of
movies for teaching vocabulary at high schools in Abhariyah, which would be
reported in the chapter 3.
CHAPTER
III
RESEARCH
METHODS
The methodology
of the research is very important in every research as a guideline to attain
the objective of the study. Chapter three provides information about
methodology of the research that the writer applies in this study. They are method of research, population and sample, instrument of the
research, method of data collection and data analysis.
- Method of Research
Research design in this study is to seek
and to answer the question of the
study
“is the use of English movie can improve students’ vocabulary mastery?”
In doing so, I intend to use quantitative research to complete this study.
Wikipedia (2012) in its article said that Quantitative methods were research
methods dealing with numbers and anything that was measurable.
Wikipedia (2012) in its
article also said, the objective of quantitative research was to develop and
employ mathematical models, theories and hypotheses pertaining to natural
phenomena. The process of measurement was central to quantitative research
because it provided the fundamental connection between empirical observation
and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.
- Population and
Sample
1.
Population
Population is total member of research subject.” (Arikunto, 2010:173). In addition,
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/population mention that population is the
entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn; "it is an
estimate of the mean of the population.
In this case, the population
is the entire of the first grade students of SMK Abhariyah in the academic year
2011/2012. The number of population is 39 students.
2.
Sample
After determining the
population, I obtain a sample, which is obviously important step in conducting
a research. Arikunto (2010:174) says that a sample is a part of population,
which is investigated. The number of population that is used in this study is 39 students. Because of the limitation number of
population which is only 39 students, I use population
research and take the whole population as
the sample of the research. Arikunto (2010:174)
said that population research only done for a limited population and the
subject are not many.
- Instrument of Research
According to Arikunto (2010:192), research instrument
is a device used by the research while collecting the data to make his work
become easier and to get better result, complete and systematic in order to
make the data easy to process.
I use two kinds of
instruments in doing it, they are test, and questionnaire in order to identify whether
or not it is
an effective way to teach vocabulary to students.
1.
Test
Referring to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_(student_assessment) (2007) in its article it said
that In education, certification, counseling, and many other fields, a test or
exam (short for examination) was a tool or technique intended to measure
students' expression of knowledge, skills and/or abilities. A test had more
questions of greater difficulty and requires more time for completion than a
quiz. It was usually divided into two or more sections, each covering a
different area of the domain or taking a different approach to assessing the
same aspects.
In completing this study the test should be based on an achievement test which is the result later use as data. In order to get an
enough data I divide the test into two: they are pre test and post-test. The purpose of giving the
classroom tests is
to measuring the skills, knowledge of intelligence,
ability or talent possessed by individuals or groups (Arikunto 2010:193). This is the reason why the role of pre and post-test are important toward this study which it would determine
whether the use of movie is effective or not to apply to students.
2.
Questionnaire
Oxford university press (2007) in its article said
that a questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other
prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Although
they are often designe
for statistical analysis of the responses, this not always the case.
Arikunto (2010:195 ), questionnaire could be in the
form of multiple choice, essay, check-list and rating-scale so respondents
would only select one of the provided answers in it. In conducting this study,
I use a multiple-choice questionnaire, in which, the respondents only select
one of the provided answers (by crossing (A, B, C or D) in each question).
- Method of data
collection
The technique use in
this research is questionnaire and tests. The
aim of using questionnaire in this
research is to know how the students’ respond about the teaching strategy applied and the tests method is use to know whether students are successful
or not in teaching vocabulary using movie.
This study is undertaken through three activities. At first is a pre-test, second is the post-test which to measure students’ achievement, and third applying the questionnaire to know students’ respond on
strategy use by researcher.
To give a clear understanding, the three steps of the activities will be explain as follows:
1. Pre-test
Pre-test consists of 10 items in the form of
multiple choices. In pre test
researcher take the question from
a narrative story of mr.bean.
2. Post-test
Post-Test is done after pre-test are conducted. The aim is to measure the students’ achievement and to compare
the result between pre and post-test that would be processed into data. The
test consist of 10 items same with pre test but the question take from movie of mr.bean.
3. Questionaire
The questionaire will be conducted after the two activities above are completely done. The purpose only to gain
data from the students’ response about the teaching strategy applied. The
questionnaire consist of five questions and it is in the form of multiple choices.
The students’ success and failure in
doing the activities plan above will be assessed by referring to the criterion
issued by department of education and culture. The criterion said that a
student could be said to pass the test if he/she could solve 65% of the whole
problems.
- Data analysis
The data analysis is use to draw the
conclusion of the research data. This
study consists of three activities in which it use a method of quantitative to
process the data. Then I would compare them, in order to know the result of
this study, whether or not, the increase in the students’ results happen in
this study. Below is the formula to get valid result, I use to process the data gained:
P = R X 100 %
N
Notes
P = Percentage
R = Score Achieved
N = Number
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